Increasing Water Point Data Sharing for Evidence-based Decision-making in Ethiopia: The Start of a Journey
2022 UPDATE ON THIS STORY: See this August 2022 blog post on the Ethiopia program on the WPDx site! – 8-9-22
Ethiopia is home to 112 million people with more than 81 million living in rural areas. According to a 2017 Joint Monitoring Program report, in rural areas of Ethiopia, only 4% have access to safely managed water services, 30% have basic water service, and 26% have only limited water service, with the rest consuming water from unimproved or surface water sources. Many households spend 30 minutes or longer to obtain drinking water daily. Despite Ethiopia’s achievement of the 2015 Millennium Development Goal on water, there are several unaddressed challenges that hinder safe and sustainable water service delivery for millions of rural Ethiopians.
The One WASH National Program (OWNP) of Ethiopia is a flagship program that has enabled the WASH sector to collaborate more broadly and achieve substantial progresses since its launching in 2013. The evaluation of the first phase of the OWNP (2013-2017) commissioned by Ministry of Water, Irrigation and Electricity (MoWIE) revealed a set of bottlenecks encountered by the water supply sector in Ethiopia. These include: lack of an independent regulatory entity, inadequate involvement and resource for the private sector including microfinance institutions, absence of harmonization between water inventory and other sector data, and the absence of an operational Management Information System (MIS) for data.
Cognizant of the gap in water point data availability and utilization, a series of workshops conducted through the MWA partners in 2018-2019 in the Amhara Region provided clarity on the type and extent of challenges faced by WASH sector partners due to this data challenge. Some of the major problems associated with the lack of up-to-date water point data included: inability on the side of water actors to make evidence-based decisions on operation and maintenance, increased non-functionality rate of water points, and difficulties with financial resource allocation. Rural water point data is housed in a multitude of formats and places with woreda (district) governments, national government, and NGOs which all have their own sets of data for particular geographic areas that are often outdated.
MWA and its members and partners recognize the urgent need to strengthen the government’s capacity in water supply data management, analysis, and evidence-based decision making. Strengthening the government-led monitoring system is one of the priorities identified for MWA and partners in the on-going Sustainable WASH Program, 2019-2024, funded by the Conrad N. Hilton Foundation. This program operates in the Dera, Farta and North Mecha woredas; MWA members in Ethiopia, via other programs and funders, are working on water in more than 100 woredas.
WPDx is a free and open-source platform that serves as a repository for rural water point data and provides decision-making tools to support governments and other stakeholders. Over time the WPDx Working Group developed a short list of standard parameters that are required in any data upload, alongside a much larger list of optional parameters which support a more robust data set. Recent updates to WPDx have resulted in a fast and easy method by which data can be shared and is collection tool agnostic (e.g. data collected in ODK, mWater, AKVO and other forms can all be used). WPDx provides maps and easy ways to search for and access data by organization, location, and other parameters. One of the strengths of WPDx is its ability to compile data from multiple entities or platforms (e.g. government and NGO data from one district) and make all of it available for use. WPDx provides four decision-support tools, three using geospatial analytics and one using machine learning to make status predictions. The three geospatial tools include: assessment of basic water access by district, prioritized locations for implementation of new water points, and prioritized locations where repairs are most impactful. The predictive tool provides insights on the probability that any given water point will be functioning or not.
WPDx can serve as a helpful tool for governments and NGOs as many are seeking to improve their data collection, use and analysis. With quick and easy data uploading, dispersed and fragmented data sets can be combined for easy visualization and then free access to the analysis and decision-making tools. The Government of Sierra Leone has already incorporated WPDx as one of its focus tools and has mandated that all rural water point data collected across the country must be shared into the WPDx platform. The national Ministry of Water Resources has a national directive in place to require the use of WPDx decision support tools in all investment decisions for rural water services. You can see more about the role of WPDx in Sierra Leone here.
In 2020 MWA and the Global Water Challenge (GWC) developed a partnership with the goal to provide support in response to these identified rural water point data challenges in Ethiopia. As a starting point, MWA had a series of discussions with the Water Development Commission (WDC), which sits within MoWIE, about their challenges and whether or not WPDx could be a useful tool to help strengthen rural water service delivery, functionality and informed decision-making in line with the Sustainable Development Goal target 6.1. The WDC expressed interest in using WPDx and getting support from MWA, its members, and other stakeholders to use WPDx in Ethiopia.
Several resulting actions took place:
- WDC issued a formal letter requesting NGOs to share rural water point data to WPDx
- WDC issued a formal letter of support to GWC to collaborate to implement WPDx
- WDC assigned a focal WPDx person to support these efforts.
Building on this expressed interest and formal requests from the Ministry, MWA provided a series of training opportunities for NGOs and government partners to learn more about WPDx. This first set of trainings included:
- Purpose and value-add of WPDx in the water sector
- How to easily upload data using the new WPDx ingestion engine
- Example from Sierra Leone showing use of WPDx by national government
- Noting that MoWIE, via WDC, has approved partnership with WPDx and encourages organizations to share their data to WPDx.
A second training was developed to provide information on the decision-making tools. This training included:
- Overview of the available decision support tools
- How to use the tools
- Discussion on how the decision support tools can be useful to regional and woreda governments in prioritizing locations for new water points or rehabilitation and for monitoring basic service delivery levels.
Training sessions were guided by presentations delivered by MWA with support from GWC and then followed by interactive question and reflection sessions by the participants. Participants were encouraged to share data during the trainings to practice data uploading and then return to their home organizations or offices and share larger recent data sets to the WPDx platform.
Select Lessons Learned from the Training Process
- The introduction of the WPDx initiative to NGO partners and their willingness to engage in trainings and upload data has demonstrated the desire and readiness of WASH stakeholders in Ethiopia for a robust rural water point data platform for planning and decision-making. The importance of monitoring data for the WASH sector has been highlighted in several workshops convened by the government for some years. Nevertheless, an open-source platform like WPDx that can be used by each and every WASH stakeholder has never been planned or practiced in Ethiopia. The reflection from the trained focal persons about its accessibility and ease of application has indicated potential for continued use and ability to add value.
- The WPDx initiative and the training provided motivated NGO partners to start compiling the most recent data they have and updating existing water point data. On average, most organizations required about a month to obtain necessary permissions to share data, from government or headquarter offices, clean their data, and upload it to WPDx.
- The reflection and expressions of demand from the Water Development Commission of Ethiopia implies the potential for WPDx to be aligned with the National MIS for water supply.
Just within a three-month period following the trainings, NGOs and government entities have uploaded more than 20,000 data points.
While this is great progress, particularly during a time of pandemic and political unrest, this is only the beginning. The MWA, GWC, and WDC partnership continues with next steps including another training series for more organizations and government entities, support for a critical mass of uploads in target districts to support use of the analysis and decision-making tools and then development of a case study, and support to increase the geographic scope in which WPDx data is shared within the country. Stay tuned for future updates on the uptake and use of WPDx by National and local government in Ethiopia.
Funding for the work discussed in the post was generously provided by the DT Institute and the Conrad N. Hilton Foundation.
Photos: Credit to Tedla Mulatu Millennium Water Alliance. Photos show government and NGO partners engaged in WPDx training sessions.
Author: Laura Brunson (Millennium Water Alliance)
Reviewers: Katy Sill (Global Water Challenge) and Tedla Mulatu (Millennium Water Alliance)
The Millennium Water Alliance is a permanent global alliance of leading humanitarian and private organizations that convenes opportunities and partnerships, accelerates learning and effective models, and influences the WASH space by leveraging the expertise and reach of its members and partners to scale quality, sustained WASH services. MWA’s 20 members work in more than 90 countries around the world. MWA serves as a hub for major programs in Kenya and Ethiopia.
The Water Point Data Exchange is an initiative of the Global Water Challenge (GWC). GWC is a coalition of leading organizations committed to achieving universal access to safe water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) and women’s empowerment. With companies, civil society partners, and governments, GWC accelerates the delivery of safe water and sanitation and supports gender equality through partnerships that catalyze financial support and drive innovation for sustainable solutions.